Computer Hardware

A computer is comprised of many physical components, known as hardware, that allow it to function. Software, on the other hand, includes instructions that allow the computer to run. Computer software is relatively easy to change with updates and application downloads. However, making hardware changes or upgrades requires the physical alteration of the computer. Usually, this requires opening the computer and switching out components.

Many computers are designed using the Von Neumann architecture. Von Neumann architecture uses a central processing unit to allow the processing of data from input sources using a memory unit. Data from input sources like external mass storage is passed to output devices like the computer’s screen.

Modern computers typically include relatively similar components. Older computers were usually designed with modular components so that it was easier for users to replace just one faulty component. More modern computers are designed with an integrated central motherboard, meaning the components are soldered to the main motherboard. It is considerably more difficult to replace components in computers with integrated central motherboards.

Computer hardware components include the CPU (central processing unit), memory unit (RAM), data storage drive (HDD/SDD), graphics card, sound card, network card, and cooling unit. Computer peripherals include the keyboard, speakers, mouse, and screen. Other devices may work alongside the computer, including printers, scanners, game controllers, and webcams. These devices may also be considered computer hardware.

• Wikipedia - Computer Hardware
• Stanford: Computer Hardware
• Everything You Need To Know About Computer Hardware